In my previous journal, I gave a general overview of the Japanese poetic style known as haiga. I briefly discussed the origins of haiga and examined its relation to Zen philosophy through the concept known as "Wabi-Sabi."

In this journal, I will elaborate on the principles of traditional haiga. I will examine aesthetics of the form and define a few terms associated with the art. In addition, I will discuss the closely related style of Zen-ga and its similarities (and differences) to haiga. I will also link several examples of classical haiga.

As discussed previously, there are three elements which make up what is traditionally considered haiga. These elements are the haiku (or tanka), water or ink-brushed painting, and calligraphy. The painting, known formally as "nanga," follows haikai's principles of simplicity, naturalness, and spontaneity. For many haijin, haiga is considered the "art of imperfection." At first glance, the nanga often appears sketchy and somewhat raw. However, its profundity is understood through contemplation.

Like renga, haiga is often gently humorous. In fact, the "Hai" in haiga means comic, while "Ga" can be understood to represent a painting. According to Yosa Buson, who was considered a haiga master, the original term is "haikai-butsu no soga."

As with haiku, there are many variations of haiga. In my opinion, much of this variance is due to the poet's experience with visual art. Yosa Buson, who was considered a master painter, often employed elaborate art work accompanied by haiku. In contrast, Matsuô Basho, who did not learn to paint until later in life, used modest, yet charming images.

For me, what is most important in creating haiga is the Zen philosophy known as "wabi-sabi." While the relationship between haikai and Zen has been over-exaggerated in the west, its influence on haiga seems substantial. While there is no clear definition, "wabi-sabi" can be seen as beauty in imperfection. This concept is the central focus of "Zen-ga;" which is a much more minimalist style of haiga. While the two share many similarities, zen-ga was designed purely as an art to bring enlightenment. In contrast, haiga illuminates the seemingly mundane events in our lives.

That is all for now! In my next journal, I will discuss modern haiga. I will examine similarities and differences to the classical style and briefly revisit the concept of linkage in the form. In addition, I will link examples of modern haiga.

Stay tuned! As always, please note me with questions, comments, or rants

For excellent examples of modern haiga on DA, I would suggest rummaging through the gallery of

Here are a few links to several classical haiga that I enjoy! When I say traditional, I am referring to style, not necessarily time period.

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